In this study, we developed a stable muscle contusion injury model in rats based on the mass-drop method, and evaluated how the hyperbaric and hyper-oxygenated environment affected oxygenation, inflammation and hindlimb swelling as acute changes, as well as myofiber regeneration as a subacute change, after injury.
It is therefore necessary to develop an animal skeletal muscle injury model for mechanistic evaluation of treatments such as HBO applied to muscle injuries in contact sports. Recently, experimental HBO studies have been reported for muscular injury, but the injury models used, such as drug-induced injury, did not recapitulate the clinical condition 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. Based on these effects, HBO is indicated for various diseases such as carbon monoxide poisoning, osteomyelitis, decompression illness, and acute cerebral edema 6, 7. HBO has two effects: oxygen delivery that is suitable for treating ischemic diseases and infection, and a compression effect that is essential for treating decompression illness. HBO consists of breathing pure oxygen at a high atmospheric pressure the standard pressure is 2.0–2.8 atmospheres absolute (ATA) for 60–90 min generated by pressurized air or oxygen inside the chamber. Identification of the mechanisms underlying the potential therapeutic effects of HBO is essential for establishing HBO as a new treatment for muscle injury. However, the mechanism by which HBO could facilitate healing after skeletal muscle injury has not been established, and HBO is not yet recognized as a clinical treatment for skeletal muscle injury. Among these treatments, HBO has been proposed to have the highest potential as an effective adjunct treatment for muscle recovery 3, 4, 5. Thus, treatment options for muscle injury such as massage, cryotherapy, and hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBO) are being considered for use in clinical practice. Early and complete recovery from injury is one of the greatest concerns. Such injuries may cause acute and/or chronic pain or disruption of innate muscle function, which can result in an inability to return to competition or to daily life activities 1, 2. Our results demonstrate that HBO has a dual role in decreasing inflammation and accelerating myogenesis in muscle contusion injuries.Īmong soft tissue injuries, muscle contusion injury is the most common sport-related injury, not only for athletes but also for recreational players. In the early phase after injury, HBO stimulated the IL-6/STAT3 pathway in contused muscles. This environment also increased the number of proliferating and differentiating satellite cells and the amount of regenerated muscle fibers.
HBO suppressed the elevation of circulating macrophages in the acute phase and then accelerated macrophage invasion into the contused muscle.
HBO reduced early lower limb volume and muscle wet weight in contused muscles, and promoted muscle isometric strength 7 days after injury. An experimental HBO chamber was developed and rats were treated with 100% oxygen, 2.5 atmospheres absolute for 2 h/day after injury. Here we assessed the effects of HBO on contused calf muscles in a rat skeletal muscle injury model.
However, the healing mechanism is unclear. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBO) promotes rapid recovery from soft tissue injuries.
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